The Controversy over Ultima - 1038 Words

The Controversy over Ultima There is some controversy over a character in the book Bless Me Ultima, by: Rudolfo Anaya. Ultima is a controversial character because some people think she is a witch or bruja. Other people think that she is a curandera or an herb doctor. She could be a bruja, a curandera, or she could be both. There are some credible events to explain how she is a witch. Ultima has some people accusing her of being a witch. There are quite a few people that believe she is a witch. They have some good reasons for thinking this. She does use voodoo dolls against Tenorio’s daughters, that doesnt help her case. â€Å" When she was done she stood the three dolls around the light of the flickering candle,and I saw three women. Then Ultima spoke to the three women. â€Å" You have done evil,† she sang, â€Å" But good is stronger than evil, â€Å"And what you sought to do will undo you...(101).†That’s not the only thing she uses that could be considered black magic. She uses herbs from the llano to help people. She believes that the herbs she gets can do a number of things.† Ultima and I walked in the hills of the llano, gathering the wild herbs and roots for her medicines. We roamed the entire countryside and up and down the river. I carried a small shovel with which to dig, and she carried a gunny sack in which to gathe r our magic harvest (39).† She also believes that to pick an herb you have to speak to it.†For Ultima, even the plants had a spirit, and before I dug she made me speakShow MoreRelatedBless Me, Ultima Literary Analysis714 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† by Rudolfo Anaya Literary Analysis Throughout the context of â€Å"Bless Me Ultima,† it is evident that there are many motifs and examples of dichotomy. I believe that Anaya uses the previously mentioned elements of literature in order to provoke his readers’ thinking and help embody a struggle of understanding the world we live in. Motifs in this novel include: family, dreams, religion, education, and the list continues. For examples of dichotomy, the idea of good versus evil isRead MoreBless Me, Ultima Literary Analysis Essay714 Words   |  3 PagestSam Ennis Period #4 20 September 2012 â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† by Rudolfo Anaya Literary Analysis Throughout the context of â€Å"Bless Me Ultima,† it is evident that there are many motifs and examples of dichotomy. I believe that Anaya uses the previously mentioned elements of literature in order to provoke his readers’ thinking and help embody a struggle of understanding the world we live in. Motifs in this novel include: family, dreams, religion, education, and the list continues. For examplesRead MoreAn Analysis Of Bless Me Ultima831 Words   |  4 PagesBless me Ultima How or why did it become controversial? Rudolfo Anaya’s best novel Bless me Ultima had one of the greatest impact in the Latino community. The story is based on a youngRead MoreSt.Jerome Essay4572 Words   |  19 Pagesliber), composed ca. 380 in Constantinople; this is a translation into Latin of the chronological tables which compose the second part of the  Chronicon  of  Eusebius, with a supplement covering the period from 325 to 379. Despite numerous errors taken over from Eusebius, and some of his own, Jerome produced a valuable work, if only for the impulse which it gave to such later chroniclers as  Prosper,  Cassiodorus, and  Victor of Tunnuna  to continue his annals. Important also is  De viris illustribus, written

E.E. Cummings Defender of Individualism and Non-Conformity

E.E. Cummings- Defender of Individualism and Non-Conformity E. E. Cummings established himself as one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century, triumphing in hundreds of poems that struck his readers with a sense of awe and imagination. Cummings poems stand out among other poems as amazingly unique. Cummings was a staunch advocator of the individual, going against the grain of traditional, conformist poet. Cummings experimented with words on a page to make pictures and called it poetry; imaginably, it was controversially received at the time. But Cummings refused to mold into what every other poet was writing and always strived to stand out. He once wrote that, so far as I am concerned, poetry and every other art was and is and†¦show more content†¦It is through the pioneering of such typology that E. E. Cummings became known as one of the most eclectic poets in American history. Cummings pioneering eclecticism is best exemplified through one of his greatest known works, anyone lived in a pretty how town. In this work, Cumming s uses a variety of literary devices such as personification, symbolism, and rhetorical questions to convey the themes of nonconformity and unconditional, everlasting love. anyone lived in a pretty how town is a narrative poem, describing the life of its central character anyone and his wife no one . Anyone and no one are contrasted sharply against their fellow citizens; anyone and no one celebrate in their triumphs and their defeats, while their fellow citizens dwell on their failures and conventional ideas and thus elicit their conformity (they sowed their isnt they reaped their same). The entire town, therefore, is strongly against anyone and no one . Another noteworthy effect of the poem is its use of allegory. All of the poems characters can be used as symbols: anyone and no one as the nonconformists of society, the townspeople as the rest of society and the children as individualist turned conformists. In the second stanza, second line (Women and men(both little and small)

Comparisons Between Cystology, Histology, and Pathology. Free Essays

Michelle Hatton-Cowan Professor Micah Parker BHSR-115-01 16 March 2013 Putting the Pieces Together While recently putting a puzzle together with my family I realized that we had a very certain way of putting it together. We had the person who laid out all the pieces and was constantly looking for the ones that went together. Another person would carefully put pieces together that the first person had laid out and make sure there were no discrepancies. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparisons Between Cystology, Histology, and Pathology. or any similar topic only for you Order Now The last person would oversee everyone else. They would make sure pieces were going where they should be, and everyone would report back to the main person who was overseeing everything. If one was to look at any career or field they have trained in or worked in they would see that there is a hierarchy to each position. It is one person helping the next person to figure out one main objective or goal. The Careers of a Cytologist, Histologist, and Pathologist work very closely together; so closely it’s almost like they are putting a puzzle together, in such a way one can’t just do all of the jobs but there must be someone in each area of the field to complete the main objective. Read Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics Cytologists are the people working on the puzzle that lay the pieces out for the person in charge to oversee and direct them at what they should be looking for. They are â€Å"biologists who specialize in the study of formation, structure, and function of cells† (â€Å"cytology†). I like that fact that they have independent work with very little supervision. There is room for rapid job growth. A reported â€Å"14% job growth through 2018† (Tolia). I do not like that cytologist’s have major exposure to specimens and chemical fumes that can be very hazardous. There may be a rapid job growth projected for cytologists but only â€Å"thirty-one accredited cytotechnologist programs are available in the United States† (Tolia). Cytologists can work in many different health care facilities. They have the option of working in â€Å"hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, physicians’ offices, outpatient care centers and home health care† (Tolia). To become a cytologist, one will need to complete a bachelor’s degree program and finish a one to two year program accredited by the Commission of Allied Health Education Programs in Cytotechnology. Most Employers prefer that the cytologist pass the ASCP’s ational Technologist in Cytoechnology certification exam. A cytologist must complete this program every three years to remain certified (Tolia). â€Å"Cytologists are either paid by the hour or through an annual salary. According to Salary. com, the median annual income for a cytologist is $62,401, with the least well com pensated quarter of practitioners making less than $56,810 and the highest paid quarter making over $$67,386. According to Payscale, cytologists command an average salary of between $24. 47 and $31. 20 per hour, with standard time-and-a-half rates for overtime† (Wolfe). Cytologist’s play a large role in medical decisions and work closely with pathologists. â€Å"Cytologists can also gain industry recognition by submitting their written articles for publication and applying for front-cover exposure in the ASCT’s publication† (Tolia). Cytologists must know how to read the doctor’s orders by using their knowledge of Medical terminology. Cytologists must use and communicate with their knowledge of Medical Terminology because all the work they do ultimately goes back to the doctor and goes along in response to the original order. When a cytologist is reporting they will also report to the histologist who â€Å"plays an important role in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease† (Torres). The next step in putting more pieces of the puzzle together is the histologist. The histologist â€Å"examines and analyzes cells and body fluids. They search for parasites, bacteria and other microorganisms† (Torres). I like that histologists â€Å"work in medical laboratories with pathologists and other laboratory experts† (Torres). Histology is a very important tool of medicine and biology. I like that they serve as a detective trying to figure out different diseases and cell structures. Histology would not be a job for me because I do not like the many hours spent on my feet observing tiny little particles though a microscope. I do not have the time, patience, or eye sight for this job. Histologists must have very good eyesight to be able to point out the discrepancies in cells, which good eyesight is something I don’t have. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the demand for histologists will grow about 14 percent between 2006 and 2016. The median hourly wage for histologists in the United States is $22. 68 per hour and their median annual salary is $47,174, according to the Mayo Clinic† (Gray). Histologists have the opportunity to work in many different career settings including; the hospital, diagnostic laboratories, and many different outpatient settings. â€Å"For an entry-level position as a histologist, an applicant will need to have a bach elor’s degree with a major in medical technology or one of the life sciences. Bachelor’s degrees in this field will usually include courses in chemistry, microbiology, statistics and biological sciences, as well as specialized courses devoted to skills used in the clinical laboratory. However, it is possible to fill some positions while having a combination of on-the-job training and formal education. Generally, one will usually have at least an associate’s degree. Many employers require applicants to have certification from recognized professional associations, such as the American Society for Clinical Pathology, the American Medical Technologist or the National Credentialing Agency for Laboratory Personnel† (Torres). Histologists are important to our United States Health Care System because they are like the detectives of disease, and play an important role in the detection, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Histologists use their knowledge of Medical Terminology to read what orders the doctors have given to them. They are able to follow the guidance of the pathologist, who histologists work very closely with, to determine probable diseases and to diagnose a patient. The last person to put pieces of our puzzle together is the pathologist. A  pathologist  is a physician who examines tissues, checks the accuracy of lab tests, and interprets the results in order to facilitate the patient’s diagnosis and treatment† (â€Å"Pathologist†). They oversee the cytologist and the histologist. I love that pathologists work very closely with the doctor and the patient on a daily basis. Pathology has many different career opportunities including a clinical pathologist, anatomic patholo gist and a forensic pathologist. I do not like the scrutiny that is placed on their job. If they mess up one little thing or read a smear of cells the wrong way and give the wrong diagnose it could be fatal for the patient. â€Å"There are approximately  13,000 to 14,000 board certified pathologists in the United States who practice their specialty. Starting salaries  for newly-certified pathologists can range from about $126,000 to $150,000 per year† (â€Å"Pathologist†). Pathologists have the opportunity to work in the community, in universities, in government hospitals and clinics, independent laboratories, or in private offices, clinics, and other health care acilities (Pathologist). â€Å"In order to work as a pathologist, you must have a successful undergraduate career; score well on your Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and secure a place at a medical school to earn your medical degree (Torres). Medical school is not easy to get into, but after the student secures a place in medical school and finishes with Doctor of Medicine, they must sec ure a position in a three to four year residency program (Torres). After the residency program the student will take a national licensing exam to become certified in their state. Pathologists are extremely important to our United States healthcare system. They are the problem solvers to today’s medical mysteries. Pathologists us their knowledge of medical terminology every day by interpreting laboratory tests that are done by a cytologist and histologist and then they relay that information back to the doctor or patient. The puzzle is now complete with the help of the pathologist. Every person plays an important part of putting the puzzle together. Cytologists help us to identify the different cells and tissues. Histologists help us identify different disease found within the cells and tissues. Lastly, pathologists help us confer all of our results and relay them to the doctor and the patient. All three careers must be able to properly use their knowledge of medical terminology in an effort to communicate efficiently to the doctor. All information communicated to the doctor is in an effort to help save a patient’s life. Works Cited â€Å"cytology. †Ã‚  The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2003. Houghton Mifflin Company 18 Mar. 2013  http://www. thefreedictionary. com/cytology â€Å"Cytologist. †Ã‚  MedFriendly. N. p.. Web. 18 Mar 2013. http://www. medfriendly. com/cytologist. tml. Gray, Carolyn. â€Å"Salary. †Ã‚  Histologist Salary. N. p.. Web. 18 Mar 2013. http://www. ehow. com/info_8614451_histologist-salary. html â€Å"Pathologist. †Ã‚  Explore Health Careers. American Society for Clinical Pathology, 27 Feb 2013. Web. 18 Mar 2013. http://explorehealthcareers. org/en/Career/121/Pathologist. Tol ia, Citlali. â€Å"Becoming a Cytologist: Job Description Salary Information. †Ã‚  Education Requirements. n. page. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. http://diplomaguide. com/articles/Cytologist_Career_Summary. html. Tolia, Citlali. â€Å"Becoming a Cytologist: Job Description Salary Information.   How to Stand Out in the Field. n. page. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. http://diplomaguide. com/articles/Cytologist_Career_Summary. html. Tolia, Citlali. â€Å"Essential Career Information. †Ã‚  Becoming a Cytologist: Job Description Salary Information. n. page. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. http://diplomaguide. com/articles/Cytologist_Career_Summary. html. Tolia, Citlali. â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Becoming a Cytologist. †Ã‚  Becoming a Cytologist: Job Description Salary Information. Diploma Guide. Web. 18 Mar 2013. http://diplomaguide. com/articles/Cytologist_Career_Summary. html. Torres, Franco. Becoming a Medical Pathologist: Job Description Salary Info. †Ã‚  Important Career Information . N. p.. Web. 18 Mar 2013. http://diplomaguide. com/articles/Becoming_a_Medical_Pathologist_Job_Description_Salary_Info. html. Torres, Franco. â€Å"Duties of a Histologist. †Ã‚  Becoming a Histologist: Careers, Salary Info Job Description. n. page. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. http://diplomaguide. com/articles/Histologist_Career_Info. html. Wolfe, Michael. â€Å"The Average Salary of a Cytologist. â€Å"Salary. n. page. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. http://www. ehow. com/about_7288084_average-salary-cytologist. html How to cite Comparisons Between Cystology, Histology, and Pathology., Papers

Research Method Manufacturing Industries

Question: Discuss about the Research Method for Manufacturing Industries. Answer: Introduction: Singapore has always remained one of the most popular countries, as and when the question of foreign employment opportunities has emerged. In fact, recent research studies have shown that the country has been hiring as much as 1.32 millions of people, in the last few years (Ruby and McKay 2013). While the largest number of employees is being hired in the construction and marine sectors, the other sectors such as the food sector, transportation sector as well as the administrative sectors have also witnessed a huge demand and consequent hiring of foreign labour force. The major reasons accounting for the remarkable inflow of foreign workers, in Singapore, include factors such as an impressive infrastructure, greater demand for foreign workers, the quota of 25 % and higher in each private sector for the foreign factors, and diverse employment opportunities in the country (Yew 2012). However, it should be noted that despite the huge pool of workers, working in Singapore, the foreign wor kers keep on switching their jobs, owing to the lack of motivational factors offered by the organizations. Importance of Job Satisfaction of the Foreign Workers in Singapore: As and when a foreign organization is hiring foreign workers, the employers are expected to improve the welfare and protection of the migrant workers. Although the Singaporean government has already introduced the Employment of Foreign Manpower Act, which intends to look after the welfare of the foreign employees, working in Singapore, the working condition of the workers apparently is far from being better. While the low-income workers are unable to find proper accommodation for them, ending up in the overcrowded apartments of immigrant workers, the high-income foreign workers are still heard complaining of encountering workplace discrimination in respective workplaces (Sze and Sovacool 2013). However, if the workers keep on finding themselves amidst unsafe work environment, detached co-workers and employees indifferent to their well-being, they will tend to switch their jobs, and if necessary may consider leaving the workplace country as well. In accordance with the findings of the research study conducted by Wills Towers Watson, more than one quarter of the average number of the employees, working abroad are in the high-risk retention category, and hence this accounts for their high turnover rates (Lim et al. 2016). In fact, it is worth mentioning in this context, that a recent research study conducted in Singapore by Hay Group Consultancy has in fact claimed that the employee turnover rate of the organization is expected to rise, from 14.1 % of the previous year to 15.6% of the present year (Thangavelu 2016). The discontent workers with pent-up frustrations, and yet sufficient skills and professional expertise, are likely to leave the organization for better working con ditions and greater incentives. This not only implies a loss of the organization, but is also likely to lead to the downturn of the national economic growth of Singapore. It should be noted that rapid force of industrialization as well as tight labour supply and unavailability of qualified, cheap labor force has increased the dependence of Singapore on the foreign workers. Since the migrant and foreign laborers form an integral part of the cheap labor force, their unavailability might pose a serious threat to the important organizations of the nation. A huge number of workers, working in Singapore, are the actual residents of The Republic of China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Thailand, and as per the official statistical reports, the country has witnessed a rise of 7.20% in the population of the foreign resident workers in the country (Huang et al. 2012). Consequently, the organizations of Singapore operating in the construction sector or domestic service sector, being largely dependent on low-wage imported workforce, is likely to get affected, owing to foreign employee dissatisfaction. In fact, it is needless to state that these all ar e going to affect the GDP of the country in a significant way as well (Platt et al. 2014). The employee satisfaction is integral to achieve organizational success. The foreign employees coming to work in a different place might feel discouraged and de-motivated to continue with their jobs. Low wage, labour exploitation and discrimination, lack of flexible schedule, high stress or cultural conflict, along with other factors, are likely to affect the satisfaction rate of the employees (Ostbye et al. 2014). It should be noted that lack of motivation at workplace not only results in high rate of employee turnover, but also causes other problems, such as high rate of absenteeism, lower rate of productivity, tardiness in showing up for work and other withdrawal behaviors that ultimately affect the employee efficiency. Dissatisfaction of Foreign Workers in Singapore and Abroad: The recent research reports have shown that a large number of the foreign workers, who wish to earn more money, by working overseas, end up feeling disenchanted and discontent with the foreign workplace. The problem does not at all lie with the workers, but with the employers or the government of the respected nations. Either the labor policies of the nations do not seem to favor the conditions of the foreign workers, or the employers follow a low-wage, high-input growth model, as in fact is the case with Singaporean organizations. Consequently, countries such as Australia and the United States, are witnessing a peak in the employee turnover rates, since the last decades. Despite the manpower shortage problem, the employees working abroad are exploited, and the situation even gets worse with the construction industries. It should be noted that the foreign countries not only offer low wage to the international employees, but also offers less or no insurance at all, to the employees, f or safeguarding their lives from potential danger. Besides, in the construction sectors, the most hazardous jobs are being done solely by the foreign workers, most of who work without enjoying the facilities of health or life insurance. This exposure to health and life risks, is one of the major reasons why the employees I the construction industry consider leaving jobs. These employees are less likely to represent the nation and its organizations in a favorable way in their home countries, and are less likely to recommend service in the organization to their peers and relatives. All these, in turn, end up ruining the reputation of the organization in the international labour market. This is the reason why half (46 % approximately) of the population of Japan and Singapore complain of job satisfaction at workplace, as per the Workmonitor Survey (Cheng and Wu 2013). Low Wage Rate in Singapore: In a recent research conducted on 5,670 Singaporean employees, it was being observed that around 75% of the foreign employees claimed that they are engaged in their jobs, merely because they want to make a living, and will consider switching jobs, by the next years, even without a second thought (Low et al. 2015). The reason behind this is the incredibly low rate of salary and wages received by the employees, working here. In fact, the situation is further worsened in case of the blue collar workers, as they encounter a striking discrimination in terms of their pay scale, as the local workers get much higher wages than the foreign workers. This form of labour exploitation leaves the employees, feeling de-motivated and deprived (Ratha and Yousefi 2015). Poor Working Condition in Singapore: The underappreciated and underpaid workers also end up suffering from poor working conditions. The workers being underpaid, fail to enjoy sufficient amount of money, meant for building their own houses. Consequently, the workers end up living in stuffy and overcrowded apartments, with poor ventilation system, and no recreational opportunities. Usually, while in many countries the employees are being provided with accommodation facilities, countries like Singapore put almost no effort to improve the poor living conditions of the employees. While the legal maximum official time, an employee is expected to overwork for, is four hours, the limit is exceeded by most of the foreign employees in Singapore (Hui 2013). The foreign employees do not receive any form of economic support from the government for paying their debts. Hence, they have to work amidst the insupportable working conditions, working overtime each day, without receiving any proper recognition for the same. Cultural Conflict: Since a large number of foreign workers enjoy the opportunity of working in Singapore, the Singaporean native residents often have a sense of apathy and contempt towards the intrusion of the foreign workers. Consequently, many foreign employees complain of having encountered cultural clash, leading to denial of promotional opportunities, workplace abuse, and cultural isolation, that in turn de-motivates the foreign employees, and compel them to resign. Workplace Discrimination: Although the Singaporean organizations show sufficient leniency, while hiring foreign workers, and even prioritizing their employment over local workers, at times, the foreign workers, forming the ethnic minority often complain of facing workplace discrimination. The employees are not only deprived of equal right to wages but also promotional and career development opportunities. Although the foreign workers in Singapore, make up to one-third of the total workforce of the country, the employees do not receive the same wage as the local workers. The foreign workers not only receive unequal pay, but their employment security and well-being rights are not even being protected by the trade unions (Mitlacher et al. 2014). Methodology: For conducting the following research, the quantitative research method will be undertaken. The reason behind the same is that unlike the qualitative research method, the quantitative research method is capable of measuring the satisfaction level of the foreign workers, working in HWS Construction Pte. Ltd. Since the present research intends to examine and evaluate the extent to which the HWS Construction Pte. Ltd. is able to motivate its employees, the research is required to conduct a survey on the employees of the organization. This will help in achieving a statistical analysis of the average job satisfaction rate of the employees, working here (Soy 2015). Since the research will be conducted on the basis of the data collected via the survey questionnaires, the research will conduct a primary method of data collection. The main advantage of the primary data in the research is that it will be helpful in collecting case specific data, that will not merely provide a general idea about the job satisfaction of the foreign employees in Singapore, but in HWS Construction Pte. Ltd (Baskerville and Woodharper 2016).The sampling method chosen for the research is the Stratified Sampling Method, whereby the sample chosen for the study, will not be selected on a random basis, but on the basis of the fulfillment of two or more criteria (Hair and Lukas 2014). Accordingly, in this research, the respondents are chosen only if they are fulfilling the below mentioned conditions: S/he is working in HWS Construction Pte. Ltd S/he is a foreign worker, working in the Singapore branch of the organization for either a period of more than 3 years, or for a period less than a year. The employees are working in the construction sector of the organization, and do not work under the managerial designation in the company. The sampling size chosen for the conduction of the research is 30. Out of these 30 chosen respondents, at least half of the respondents must have served The organization for more than 3 years, while the other half must be fresh employees, recruited not more than a few months. Since the construction workers are being chosen, an open question survey method is not chosen. The respondents will be provided with a questionnaire, which will comprise of simple questions, and the respondents will have to rate the statements, on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 will imply strong dissatisfaction, while 5 will imply strong satisfaction. The workers will be expected to mark their responses in response to the survey questions related to the field of their workplace environment, wages, incentives and allowances, and working conditions. In accordance with the data of the responses collected, the data will be analyzed. In case, the average response lies between the scale of 1 to 3 in any specific field, th e organization will have to consider implementing change in the particular area. Reference List: Baskerville, R.L. and Wood-Harper, A.T., 2016. A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2(pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing. Cheng, C.W. and Wu, T.C., 2013. An investigation and analysis of major accidents involving foreign workers in Taiwans manufacture and construction industries.Safety science,57, pp.223-235. Hair Jr, J.F. and Lukas, B., 2014.Marketing research. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Huang, S., Yeoh, B.S. and Toyota, M., 2012. Caring for the elderly: the embodied labour of migrant care workers in Singapore.Global Networks,12(2), pp.195-215. Hui, W.T., 2013. Economic growth and inequality in Singapore: The case for a minimum wage.International Labour Review,152(1), pp.107-123. Lim, R.B.T., Wong, M.L., Cheung, O.N., Tham, D.K.T., Tai, B.C. and Chan, R., 2016. Factors associated with consistent condom use and STIs among foreign female entertainment workers: results from a cross-sectional survey in Singapore.Sexually Transmitted Infections, pp.sextrans-2015. Low, D.O.N.A.L.D., 2015. Focus on welfare, not wages, of foreign workers.The Straits Times,23. Mitlacher, L., Waring, P., Burgess, J. and Connell, J., 2014. Agency work and agency workers-employee representation in Germany and Singapore.International Journal of Employment Studies,22(2), p.6. stbye, T., Malhotra, R., Malhotra, C., Arambepola, C. and Chan, A., 2013. Does support from foreign domestic workers decrease the negative impact of informal caregiving? Results from Singapore survey on informal caregiving.The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences,68(4), pp.609-621. Platt, M., Yeoh, B.S., Acedera, K.A., Yen, K.C., Baey, G. and Lam, T., 2014.Migration and Information Communications Technology Use: A Case Study of Indonesian Domestic Workers in Singapore. Working Paper 24. Migrating out of Poverty. Research Programme Consortium. Ratha, D., Yi, S. and Yousefi, S.R., 2015. Migration and development.Routledge Handbook of Immigration and Refugee Studies,1(3), p.260. Rubdy, R. and McKay, S.L., 2013. Foreign workers in Singapore: conflicting discourses, language politics and the negotiation of immigrant identities. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Soy, S., 2015. The case study as a research method. Sze, M.N.M. and Sovacool, B.K., 2013. Of fast lanes, flora, and foreign workers: managing land use conflicts in Singapore.Land use policy,30(1), pp.167-176. Thangavelu, S.M., 2016. Productive contribution of local and foreign workers in Singapore manufacturing industries.Journal of Economic Studies,43(3), pp.380-399. Yew, L.K., 2012.From third world to first: The Singapore story, 1965-2000(Vol. 2). Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd.

Newtons Second Law Coursework Essay Example

Newtons Second Law Coursework Essay Isaac Newtons second Law of Motion states that, Force = Mass x Acceleration. For this project I intend to prove or disprove this theory. The fact that the Law has survived 300 years of evolving science provides much of the needed evidence that the Law is truthful and works but I will do the experiment to determine my own set of results.I hope to answer the question:Is there a link between mass and acceleration ?Newtons Second LawNewtons Second Law is a way of finding the force that is acting on a certain object by using the known mass of the object and the projected acceleration and that the mass is inversely proportional to the acceleration.For example, A bus keeps going forward because the forces of acceleration and friction are unbalanced but as soon as these forces become balanced than the bus will keep a steady speed. It is this that I am going to investigate.The Law can be tested quite easily by using a simple test, involving a trolley, a ramp and some weights. The experiment i s explained below.Input VariableI will be using Force as the input variable for this experiment. I will change the force with which the trolley will be pulled down the ramp with and will see what affect this has on the acceleration.Output VariableI will be measuring the accelleration of the trolley as it runs down the ramp. I will compare this to the mass and then I will see if there is any connection and if the law does actually work.PlanThe object I intend to use as the mass is a three-wheeled trolley. I will measure the trolleys mass before using it in the experiment. I will use a 2 metre long runway to measure the acceleration of the trolley. The runway will be slightly elevated so that the amount of friction that is acting on the trolley will be at a minimum. To combat the friction when the string and weights are pulling the trolley down the ramp, I will use a pulley to make sure as little friction as possible will occur. I will also have the ramp at an angle which will produce as little friction as possible. This is important because if I didnt do this then the friction that would occur would slow down the trolley and I would get anomalous results. I will use differing amounts of weights to pull the trolley down the runway. We are planning to do 5 experiments, each with a different force. The first will have a resultant force of 1 Newton, the second will have a force of 2 Newtons and so on. To measure the rate of acceleration we will use a ticker timer. This will record accurately the increase in velocity and then using either 5 or 10 tick lengths we can work out the recorded acceleration and compare it to the projected acceleration that we have worked out using Newtons second Law. The experiment will be set up as shown belowTicker Timer Ticker Tape Trolley Ramp PulleyI think that this is the best way to perform this experiment because if you did it, as some of the class did, by pulling the trolley using a force meter, then it would be quite difficult to pull the trolley at a steady force and so would not get such accurate readings.To work out the results I will use the formula, Acceleration = Force A= FMass MOrOutput = InputVariableIt is easier for a smaller, lighter object to be moved rather than a larger heavier object. For a small object, with a smaller mass to accelerate at the same speed as a larger object with a larger mass, the force would need to be increased with the size of the object. In this experiment, though, the force will be constant, as the variable being changed is mass, therefore, the acceleration will decrease as the mass increases.A list of the equipment I will need is shown below:1. A Trolley2. A Two Metre long ramp3. A Ticker Timer4. Ticker Tape5. A Pulley so when we let the weights drop there will be as little friction as possible.6. String7. 5x 1Newton weightsWe will measure the acceleration caused by a certain weight three times to make sure we get the right results.The Variables* Mass* Acceleration* For ce* FrictionSee page one for variables being tested.How to make it a fair testTo make the experiment fair, the only variable that I will change is the amount of weight that is used to pull the trolley down the runway. All the other components i.e. length of string, height of runway, and stated variables will be kept the same.PredictionBased on the results that we obtained when we used Newtons Theory to work out the projected accelerations for each different weight, I would say that the more weight that is applied to pull the trolley down the ramp the more the trolley will accelerate. This is because the trolley has an unbalanced force which means it will accelerate. The object will continue to accelerate until the forces (gravity and friction) are balanced at which time it will keep travelling at a constant force (speed) until the forces become unbalanced again which will make the trolley slow down.Following the theory that the mass is inversely proportional to the acceleration, I predict that when all the results have been calculated, and placed on a graph, it will look similar to the following:As the mass increases, theAcceleration increases and as theMass decreases, the accelerationAcceleration decreases.massSafetyWhen performing the experiments there are going to be a lot of loose wires from the ticker timer, the power pack etc. I will have to make sure that these are kept well out of the way and will not harm anyone. The use of weights could be a hazard so they will have to be handled properly and not thrown or dropped anywhere near peoples feet or hands. Because we are using a 2 metre long ramp, it will be too long to fit on a desk, I will have to find a suitable place to put this otherwise people will hurt themselves on the protruding end of it.ResultsThis is a table of my groups resultsForce (Newtons)Mass (g)Theoretical AccelerationRecorded Acceleration (m/s/s )11721.50.58 m/s/s0.36010.58 m/s/s0.38010.58 m/s/s0.31021821.51.097 m/s/s0.81121.097 m/s/s0. 70221.097 m/s/s0.70531921.51.561 m/s/s1.20831.561 m/s/s1.19831.561 m/s/s1.21142021.51.979 m/s/s1.33041.979 m/s/s1.30141.979 m/s/s1.32652121.52.356 m/s/s1.48052.356 m/s/s1.56052.356 m/s/s1.534My results are highlighted in redBelow is a graph of my results. I have used averages of the 3 recorded acceleration in the graph.

Tax Calculation Essays

Tax Calculation Essays Tax Calculation Essay Tax Calculation Essay Name: Course: Dad, MFJ 2 exemptions Son, Single 1 exemption Dad, MFJ 2 exemptions Son, Single 1 exemption BEFORE BEFORE AFTER AFTER Schedule F Income $80,000 $50,000 $60,000 $40,000 Self- Employment/FICA Tax .9235 x $80.000 x .453 = $11.304 .9235 x $50,000 x .153 = $7,065 $9,180 $6,120 1/2 SE Tax $5,652 $3,532 Adj. Gross Income $80,000 – $5652 = $74,348 $50,000 – $3,532 = $46,468 $60,000 $40,000 Personal Exemptions $7,400 $3,700 $7,400 $3,700 Standard Deduction $11,400 $5,700 $11,400 $5,700 Taxable Income $55,548 $37,068 $41,200 $30,600 Federal Income Tax $7,482 $5,367 $5,330 $4,165 Marginal Rate 15% 25% 15% 15% Instructor: Date: Dad, MFJ

Film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Film analysis - Essay Example Yet sometimes, rarely, like an Aquarius where all the planets form a line, every aspect of a film that could possibly go wrong does, and goes terribly wrong. Such was the case in Plan 9 from Outer Space, a film widely regarded as the worst film ever produced. Nearly every aspect of this film has some kind of problem with it, something that is almost miraculous in film making. I would argue that one of the worst offenders in this film was set design. The fact is, the sets look cheap. This is probably because they were cheap, as the film had a budget of only $60,000, which even in its era was not enough to make a high quality movie. But when dealing with black and white, texture is one of the only things that matter, and nearly every set that was supposed to be something spectacular (like a spaceship or a cockpit) had an incredibly flat look. It made it look like the set was made out of clay, or painted wood, but certainly not metal or any of the materials that would have actually been present. In contrast to the sets, I would argue that the costumes were actually a relative high point in the film. They were far from good, but they were not as obtrusively bad as other elements of the film. Part of this was because many of the costumes were just street clothes or army uniforms and that kind of thing, and are easy to make not distracting. Some of the costumes were terrible, but on the whole, the costumes were better than most other aspects of the film. Lighting was poorly done in an obtrusive way, sometimes being overly dark, other times overly light, and sometimes making it look like a staged play, with several spot lights on each subject. This is simply lazy and unacceptable regardless of budget or era. Acting was not terrible, but it was far from good. It was generally not believable, but in such a campy film believability is not necessary. The acting was over the top, but this was not a massive problem. The dialogue, however, was. From the opening scene through the rest of the movie, it was simply obtrusive and awful, and did not sound in any way natural. Furthermore, there were frequent continuity errors. The narration was one of the worst offenders, oscillating between mind numbing exposition and supposedly shocking reveals, such as â€Å"at the funeral of the old man, unknown to his mourners, his DEAD WIFE was watching!† (Plan 9). In other instances, the speakers fell into a question answer pattern that, while common in high-school screen plays, has no place on the silver screen. This was especially apparent in one exchange between grave diggers in the cemetery. Many of the aspects of the film described so far are simply bad execution. These are poor choices, made again and again. No one of them is absolutely ridiculous, but taken as a whole they certainly make a ridiculous package. Some of the editing done in post, however, was simply foolish. This film contains clips of another film, a vampire film that Wood had been working o n before it was canceled and the star died. While Wood clearly struggled to make them fit this film, even twisting the plot of an outer-space action film to be based heavily in a cemetery, these individual scenes still stand out horribly from the rest of the action. No film maker in their right mind would ever choose to insert unrelated clips into the narrative and try to pass it off as having a

Alternative Energy Sources Solar Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Alternative Energy Sources Solar Energy - Essay Example Research indicates that solar energy has the capacity to satisfy all the energy requirements of all the people in this world. In fact, it can do the same in just one year, if all the sunlight falling on all parts of the world is harvested. Usage and concept of solar energy is no new concept and it exists in its simplest and passive form since ancient Greeks. However, for the past three to four decades there has been a lot of research in this field. Production of solar vehicles, automobiles, boats, aircrafts and others have made important news. Quite understandably, solar energy provides quite a lot of advantages over the traditional sources of energy generation. Firstly, this method is extremely cost effective since all the consumers need to pay is the fixed cost of buying and installing the machine on their roofs and the rest is free. Secondly, they reduce the risk of the hazards and environmental concerns developed by the use of oil as fuel. Thirdly, solar energy is pretty much useable even in most remote areas moreover the culture of the United states suits it since most of the homes have their own roof tops for installation of these machines. The United States has been doing a lot for promotion of solar energy. Currently, the United States is getting less than 1000 MW of electricity from solar energy but it aims at increasing it more than six times by the end of 2014 (Richards, 32-46). Moreover, currently the governments is providing with many incentives like tax exemptions, soft cheap easy loan facility, leasing, installments, rebates, bonds and others to encourage people to shift to using solar energy. Consider the following scenarios. Experts all around the world agree to the fact that the United States of America did not launch the war in Iraq for the search of Weapons for Mass Destruction nor it was

Comparative Economic Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comparative Economic Systems - Essay Example The size of the population along with the role of the government in programming economic growth processes, all help to determine the stability of the country. The labor market, capital market, the agriculture, trade, healthcare together reflects the economic strength of the country. Emphasizing these aspects of economic growth dynamics, this paper will aim at assessing the economic components of the US in comparison to the performance of China, Russia and the UK. Prime focus will remain in studying the economic variability of these countries in the recent era. From a generalized point of view, as can be observed, the growth of the US economy as compared to the other nations has been more because of its industrialization benefits, which illustrates that the economy considerably depends on its micro and macro environment. Discussion Comparison between China and the US The US has remained one of the leading economies of the world since 1979. However, recent statistics comparing the US g rowth rate with that of China reveals that both the countries reside alongside with insignificant differences in their growth rates. As per the statistical reports of aThe World Bank (2013), China’s GDP growth rates have been consistently higher than the US since 2003 to 2012. Comparisons on the performances of the two economies further indicate that even though the GDP growth rate was higher for China, its GDP in the USD tends to be much lower in comparison to that of the US. For instance, the GDP USD recorded for China as on the fiscal year 2012 was estimated at $8.358 trillion, while the recorded GDP USD for the US in the same year amounted to $15.68 trillion. One of the possible reasons to such fluctuation may be caused due to their differences in terms of population and other socio-economic components. To be noted, China currently is recorded to host 1.351 billion nationals, where the total population of the US is recorded to be 313.9 million in comparison [refer to Tabl e 1 in the Appendix] (aThe World Bank, 2013; bThe World Bank, 2013). This indicates that even though the Chinese economic growth may seem to be better than that of the US, an in-depth understanding to the issue exhibits a different scenario altogether, owing to their differences in terms of various other inherent economic factors. . As per the data, China is the second largest trade partner of America, since 1980 to 2012, the countries saw a growth of $5 billion to $536 billion (Morrison, 2013). This again makes the macro-economic components of trade largely interdependent among these two countries, where the economic prosperity of China may also influence the economic performance of the US to a substantial extent. It is worth mentioning in this context that as a developing nation, China possesses certain benefits, which the US lacks when performing in the global market. For instance, the GDP growth rate of China has shown a regular growth since 1979 to 2013, even when the world was facing an economic slowdown and the GDP growth rate in the US declined to zero [refer to Table 1 in the Appendix]. It was fundamentally owing to the flexibility enjoyed by a developing natio

Oldtown Expansion Strategies

Oldtown Expansion Strategies The OldTown Groups (OldTown) was established in 1999 by Executive Directors, Mr. Goh Ching Mun and Mr. Tan Say Yap, who formulated OldTown own blend of 3-in-1 instant white coffee. (OldTown, 2012) OldTown commenced their business as a classic coffee shop of 3 in 1 instants white coffee in Ipoh, Malaysia under Old Town White Coffee brand name since 2005. At the following years, OldTown is divided into two segments of food services which are fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and food and beverage (FB). At the end of year 2011, Old Town has 196 cafà © outlets in different countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and China. These 196 cafà © outlets are comprised of 79 fully owned cafà © outlets, 18 partially owned cafà © outlets, 96 franchised outlets and 3 licensed outlets. Besides, Old Town has manufactured the beverage products and exported to worldwide countries such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, USA, and Canada. (OldTown Annual Report, 2011) According to OldTown (2012 ), the latest updated information showed that OldTown has expanded to 205 cafà © outlets. The goal of OldTown is to let everyone enjoy every slip of authentic Malaysian Ipoh White Coffee, anytime, anywhere. (OldTown, 2012) Therefore, OldTown will continue to launch the high quality products to customers for collective vision of creating to be Asia Pacifics Leading White Coffee producer in providing high quality product to customers globally. (OldTown, 2012) The mission of OldTown is to promote their Unique Malaysian Taste- the authentic Ipoh White Coffee and continue White Coffee Legacy through continuous improvement and innovation that exceeds customer expectations. (OldTown, 2012) On the other hand, according to the OldTown (2012), the core values consist of consistency, continuity and growth, originality and creativity, respect diversities and traditions, as well as ethics and integrity. Besides, they adopt integrated business strategies and focus on five key components. The first component is to build up strong brand equity and keep customer loyalty by strengthening a nd promoting OLDTOWN brand name. Second component is to continue in expansion of cafà © network through franchise programmed locally and internationally and rely on establishment of their fully owned outlets. Third component is to strengthen the position as an operator of a major cafà © chain. Fourth component is to continue in development of a new and innovative product. Last component is to establish high standards of the quality products and services consistently to exceed the benchmark standard of quality and customers expectations. (OldTown Annual Report, 2011) 2.0 Current expansion strategy OldTown adopts different expansion strategies such as franchise, licensed, partially-owned and fully-owned strategies in different countries which include Malaysia, Singapore, China and Indonesia. (OldTown Annual Report, 2011). OldTown more focus in adopting franchise strategies since this strategy brings more successes to expand cafà © network either locally and internationally in spite of fully relying on the establishment of fully-owned outlets. (OldTown Annual Report, 2011) OldTown is implementing export of the products to other countries. Exporting allows OldTown to gain competitive advantages which are increasing the products sales performance, market shares as well as profitability (Piercy, Kaleka and Katsikeas, 1998). OldTown exports the beverages products also can expose the brand name and attract more customers from different regions. On top of that, exporting also allows OldTown to expand the customers base in global market. (Kaleka, 2011). On the other hand, exporting requires high transport fees. The cost of shipping may be a serious issue for OldTown. Shipping costs can make exporting uneconomical especially when the products are export in high volume. Furthermore, OldTown is depending on the fluctuation of transportation costs. The transport or shipping fees keep on increasing nowadays in exporting goods due to economic downturn, inflation and financial crisis. Ultimately, OldTown should be more concerns about this issue since this could be a drawback for export sales. According to Combss study (2004), in franchising strategy, an agreement is held by two independent parties whereby franchisor grants the right to franchisee to run the business in return of annual loyalty in monetary form (as cited in Miles, Aaron, Jeremy, Kelly and Di Wu, 2011). In other words, franchising is a legal regulation activity and requires compliance with federal and state franchise laws. According to the Buckless study (2011), franchising allows the franchisors to gain opportunity to entry the new markets by attracting the potential franchisees. OldTown chooses master franchise as its form of franchising is due to franchising is the most popular mode of entry into distant and cultural dissimilar market in Asia. Franchise model also provides scale to the company. OldTown currently owns 85 franchised cafà © outlets and one licensed cafe outlet in Malaysia. Revenues from these franchised outlets are earned through the initial franchise fees (RM 80k), the sales of Old towns produces, the royalties (5% of revenues) and the AP fees (3% of revenues). (Oldtown Berhad, 2011). OldTown is required to work with well-experiencing franchise lawyer to successfully establish the franchisee strategy. In order to reduce the business risks, OldTown internationalizes the business by expanding the cafà © outlets to the close countries (Aliouche and Schlentrich, 2011). Previously, OldTown is expanded from Malaysia to Singapore which is physically close to the home country. Singapore has the similar cultures with Malaysia. Cultural factors might increase the risk to the developing corporation in foreign market in accordance to Broutherss study (2002) (as cited in Aliouche and Schlentrich, 2011). The franchisors normally prefer to expand the businesses that have geographical and cultural similarities to the host country (Aliouche and Schlentrich, 2011). According to Aliouche and Schlentrich (2011), the corporation will then move gradually to the distant ones after successfully internationalize to the close country, as OldTown has. OldTown has successfully standing in Singapore with the good reputation of the products and services. After that, OldTown targeted the China and the Indonesi a market. OldTown White Coffee is definitely successful in locals where it earns Industry Excellence Award in Malaysia which organized by Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) as at 24th March 2011. Besides that, at the same year and date, OldTown also received Product Excellent Award organized by MITI, Putra Brand Award 2011 and 2012 (people choice special mention) in 2011 and 2012, and so forth (Old Town Annual repor, 2011). All these recent evidences had showed that OldTown is quite successful in locally. Based on the evidence from the study (William and James, 2009), franchising and fully-owned strategies could help in reducing costs of finding and monitoring the outlet manager. In the words of Bradach (1997), the fully-owned strategy aids in standardization; franchising gives a strong motive to locals managers (franchisee) and they are motivated to keep on improving the cafà © outlets to make it as profitable as possible (as cited in William and James, 2009). In other words, OldTown does not need to oversee the franchisee closely in protecting the franchisors image and reputation. In short, franchising allowed OldTown (franchisor) to expand and minimize the monitoring cost (William James, 2009). Besides, franchising strategy also helps to expand number of OldTown customer with faster pace (Edwards, 2011). OldTown grants the right to franchisee to operate in different countries. Therefore, by expanding the cafà © outlet in other geographical areas, this also helps OldTown to raise the customer awareness. In addition, OldTown always emphasize on brand equity. Hence, OldTown is promoting the brand name OLDTOWN through the expansion strategies. These strategies might help OldTown to gain the customers loyalty and successfully build up the brand equity, not only in Malaysia but also in other countries for instance, Singapore. Aside from these, franchising also helps OldTown to enhance competitiveness in food and beverage industry (Holmes, 2003; Joseph, 2011). Franchising spreads the risk through other people investment in different locations. Franchisee normally is the one who responsible for the loan, debt and so on, and hence, OldTown basically can minimize risk in expanding the businesses. OldTown has better expansion networks for the cafà © outlets since 2005, from a small, humble coffee cafà © to 196 cafà © outlets chain. Thus, OldTown generally could obtain the advantage of loyalties and raise the brand recognition through the ease of this type expansion strategy (Chris, 2011). By the same token, there might have a few of risks that could be faced by OldTown in adopting the franchising. The main disadvantage for OldTown in using franchise strategy is that it can be considered quite costly for the potential franchisee. Once it is implemented, franchises fee charge and ongoing royalties would cut the profits of franchisees (Sim, 2008). Besides the initial fee for agreement, original franchise fees, annual royalties, as well as a percentage of franchises business revenue, franchisees also required to pay the extra monthly fees for the franchisor (Adrian, 2010). As part of the continuing franchise agreement, on-going fees are needed to pay to the franchisor for the support, training and development which are provided by the franchisor. In the long term, it will become a restriction to the amount of profit for the franchisee. Besides, the franchisor also may charge additional fees for services provided to the franchisee, such as the cost of advertising (Ward, 20 12). Besides that, franchising also will cause the lose control right problem when the new franchisees become part of the franchise system. Sometimes, the franchisees are forced to make their own decisions in the uncertainty situation, and they might need to change the policies without make the earlier notification to the franchisor. In fact, franchisor only owns limited power to control the franchise branch and how the business runs. Furthermore, the established rules and the part of the franchise agreement, for instance, the ways of the business operation are already set up by the franchisor, it is rarely for a new franchisee to operate the business outside of these borders (Adrian, 2010). Hence, the franchisee will likely to follow the majority practices of OldTown to run the business. As a result, franchising limits the creativity of the franchisee (Sim, 2008). By adopting franchising, the issue of communications gap may arise between the OldTown and franchisee. Franchisees must follow the correct directions in order to maintain the brands image, the high level of service and so forth. If the franchisor and franchisee did not communicate well, franchisee may have misunderstanding and run the business without the proper direction. Moreover, if the franchisee unable to run the business with good quality or proper funding, it could curtail success and it will create a very unfavourable business environment as wel l. The actions and decisions of franchisees are very important because these will definite affect the OldTowns reputation, image, profession, as well as customer preference. The franchisee would rely on the brand of the business to bring a bunch of customers but OldTown is the one who need to undertake the risk. If the franchisee harms the OldTown image by serving the poor quality foods and services to the customers, it will knock on the effect of the own business. Ultimately, this could potentially damage the sales and overall profits (Adrian, 2010). According to the OldTown Annual Report (2011), the OldTown products such as beverages are more focused on the market segment which comprising professionals, managers, businessman in the age group between 30 to 50 years old. Most of the people concern with healthy conscious nowadays, Old Town also introduced healthier choices of beverage products into the marketplace, such as 2 in 1 No Sugar Added and 3 in 1 with Natural Cane Sugar coffee products. However, due to different countries have different needs, OldTown cannot oversee and control all the businesses includes the franchise outlets. Last but not least, franchise outlets need to invest in various promotion tools such as advertising, promotional and marketing campaigns to increase the OldTowns brand image as well as to enhance its brand equity value in the marketplace. These promoting activities will need a huge amount of money in order to attract the customer and retain the old customers. 3.0 Future Expansion Strategy There are some recommendations for OldTowns future expansion strategies. OldTown can continue the current strategies (franchising and exporting) and the new recommend strategies (joint venture and strategic alliances). 3.1 Franchising OldTown is using the franchising as the entry mode strategy to achieve the rapid and low-cost market expansion, either in locally or internationally. Franchising allows OldTown to get the inflow of franchise fees to expand its markets. All of the premises, equipment and all other working capital that are needed to establish a franchise unit are invested by the franchisee. Besides, OldTown also able to receive the royalty fees from the franchisees. (OldTown, 2012) OldTown is relieved of many of the costs and risks through this entry mode. OldTown can achieve global presence quickly and reduce the risk and cost of doing business via franchising, as McDonalds has. Thus, this strategy should be continued by OldTown since it had good achievements with this entry mode. (OldTown, 2012) Furthermore, OldTown would establish as master franchisee in other markets. Master franchising depend the quality of the local partner to success in another nation. Thus, OldTown should find the right local partner and sell the master franchising rights. For instance, McDonalds, KFC and others are established a master franchisee in particular country or region. (Daszkowski, 2012) Master franchisee of OldTown will oversee the management and reduce the quality control challenge in other new markets. Other than that, master franchisee also can monitor the performance of the franchisees. In fact, there are many laws and regulations implied on franchising. Different nations have different requirements in this mode of entry. The franchisor shall satisfy the 2+1 requirement in order to develop a franchise in China. The requirement means the franchisor need to own two outlets of the franchise business for more than one year. (Philip, 2010). Franchising is a new business concept in Kazakhstan and is not leveraged to its full extent. It is an opportunity for the OldTown to franchising the brand to this country. The Kazakhstani entrepreneurs find it easier to work with Russian franchisors instead of other countries franchisors. This is due to both Kazakhstan and Russian share the same language and similar tastes, ultimately reduce the localization costs in setting new franchise. (Parshina, 2009) This would be a threat for OldTown to expand its franchise into Kazakhstan. OldTown should able to justify the benefits, risks and costs before enter the particular nation. 3.2 Exporting OldTown is pursuing the exporting as the one of the mode of entry to expand to other countries. OldTown is success to expand its brand through this strategy and OldTown is encouraged to continue this mode of entry. OldTown commenced the first export of OLDTOWN brand of 3-in-1 instant coffee mix to Singapore in 2001. The following years, OldTown success to expand the export markets to over 13 countries. (OldTown, 2012) Exporting allows OldTown to increase sales and profits by fully utilize the use of existing capacities. Besides, exporting also allows OldTown to gain new knowledge and experience about the foreign countries technologies, marketing techniques and foreign competitors. (Tekle, 2007) In Malaysia, OldTown distributed the coffee mix through major hypermarkets and supermarkets (OldTown, 2012). OldTown may consider using this type distribution channel in other countries. However, OldTown needs to handle all the logistic of the transaction and spend extra costs to export the products since the transport costs are high. (Delaney, 2012) Besides the transport costs, OldTown also need to pay attention on the costs from high tariff barriers which set by the particular nation. (Hill, 2011) Additionally, OldTown obtained the HALAL certification from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the Groups beverages in 2002. The beverages of OldTown are complied with the Islamic Law. (OldTown, 2012) This certificate also provides extra opportunity for OldTown to export the coffee mix to Islamic countries. 3.3 Joint ventures OldTown can use joint ventures to enter a foreign market other than using franchising market entry mode in expanding the business. Joint venture is the establishment of a firm that is jointly owned by two or more otherwise independent firms (Johnson, 2000). OldTown can joint venture with Chatime in Australia in penetrating their first new market in Western country. Chatime had operated in Australia since 2009 and now has over 30 stores Australia-wide (CHATIME Autralia, 2011). Moreover, Chatime are growing fast in term of opening one new store each month on average (CHATIME Autralia, 2011). Based on Chatimes record in successful penetration to foreign market, OldTown can penetrate to Australia by joint venture with Chatime. Joint ventures will help OldTown in getting local partners knowledge regards the host country competitive condition, language, cultures, political systems, and business systems. If OldTown expands their business without further exploring to the particular country history, competitive condition, political systems, business systems and cultures, OldTown will face lots of barrier to entry to the new market. This will also cause OldTown to have a wrong timing of entry or loss the opportunity chance in penetrating to the particular foreign market. (Hill Hernandez-Requejo, 2011) In addition, joint venture is good to be practiced by OldTown due to the costs and risks of opening a foreign market are shared. It can help OldTown in reducing the necessary costs such as initial capital requirement, transportation costs, advertising costs, operational costs, and extra cost charge by the certain local government for set up a new business in country. Therefore, by having a partner in reducing the costs, OldTown will face lesser risks for setting up the business in new market at foreign country. (Hill Hernandez-Requejo, 2011) Other than that, joint venture also allows OldTown to learn about a new market environment. If OldTown can success to become an insider in the country, it may help OldTown to increase the level of commitment and exposure in future. This will help OldTown to improve the image and reputation. Besides, OldTown also can penetrate to other foreign market in future with easier way and reduce lots of entry barriers. (Keegen Green, 2011) From this point of view, by joint venture with Chatime, it will help OldTown in building up their brand name. Although joint venture may cause the company do not have the tight control over subsidiaries that it might need to realize the experience curve or location economies. But, due to OldTowns management team is led by professionals and founders who have more than 20 years experience in the particular industry, it is believed that OldTown management team is more than capable and passionate to anchor OldTown towards more successes in the future. (Kenanga Research, 2012) 3.4 Strategic alliances The changes in political, economic, social cultural and technological environments make strategic alliances have the relative importance for a company to choose as an entry mode to foreign countries (Keegen Green, 2011). China businesses are stable and growing (OSK Research, 2012). OldTown intends to replicate the popularity of its coffee brand from Hong Kong to China with promoting the OldTown brand (OSK Research, 2012). OldTown found that the FB business in China is well carrying by having average spend per customer of 40-50% higher than the businesses in Malaysia (OSK Research, 2012). Other than that, demands of OldTown FMCG products remain tough. In addition, with the new added menu such as soup, OldTown found that China prospects seem capable at this point in time for penetration (OSK Research, 2012). OldTown believe that its business in China have to expand more rapidly than its competitors to ensure its company foundation can be strongly build (OSK Research, 2012). OldTown is setting up a new food processing centre as part of its expansion in penetrating Chinese food and beverage market in China (Ho, 2012). OldTown can use strategic alliances as their entry mode in penetrating to China, forming a strategic alliance with Secret Recipe in China. Secret Recipe had successfully established its brand name in China by virtue of its fine quality cakes, fusion food and distinctive service (Secret Recipe, 2012). This strategic alliance also allow OldTown in gaining extra knowledge from Secret Recipe regards the culture, political, and economic system in China without carry out a costly detailed research in China (Keegen Green, 2011). There are several advantages of using strategic alliance as the entry mode for OldTown in penetrating to foreign country. The advantages are sharing benefits of alliance as well as control performance of assigned tasks, long-term strategies is formed between two companies, and retain national and ideological identities when competing in markets not covered by alliance. (Hill Hernandez-Requejo, 2011) 4.0 Conclusion There must be reason when local coffee shop like OldTown able to success in highly competitive market. OldTown do not bond itself in its current expansion strategy, like franchise, fully-owned outlets and export the products. Meanwhile, depending on 1 expansion strategy is less flexible and too risky. OldTown current strategies had lots of advantages as well as drawbacks. Firstly, Franchising is a popular mode of entry to local and the foreign market. OldTown master franchise because of high revenues get from initial franchise fees, royalties, sales and AP fees. Next, export the products could gain competitive advantages by exposing their brand name and attract more customers from different regions by raising customer awareness, expand the customers base in global market. While, both franchising and fully-owned strategies, has advantage OldTown in reducing costs, attract for recruitment and attract potential franchisee. In the other side, Franchising also bring drawbacks like franchisee has limited freedom and creativity was limited by franchisor. There may be communications gap between franchisor and franchisees in decisions making and it could ruined the name of franchisors. Normally, company will be choosing to expand to close countries first because of the similarity in terms of geographically and culturally. OldTown needs to have product creativity to fulfill different country needs, and customer in different segments. It is good to continue the franchising and exporting strategy for OldTown since both strategies bring lots of positive outcomes, gains and profits. Both strategies had relieved many of the costs and risks, both strategies should be continued by OldTown since it had good achievements with this entry mode. Between Joint Venture and Strategic alliances is the potential of OldTown to expand to foreign countries, Joint venture could reduce the barrier to entry, reducing the necessary costs such as extra cost charge by the certain local government, in the mean time, increase the level of exposure of OldTown in that particular country. Strategic alliances enable OldTown to have long term strategy business in other country. Business nowadays is not only need to focus on customer and service, OldTown needs to follow the latest business trend and be flexible in showing high adaptability to changes. Besides, OldTown has seen the importance of contributions to the community, environment and its investors, as well as the business ethical for its well name or reputations.

Druigs And Sports :: essays research papers

When athletes use drugs In many schools athletes are required to sign a contract in order to play sports. The contracts include of many rules and regulations that prohibit activities that will jeopardize the athlete's performance. The use of drugs and alcohol are strictly forbidden. Vandalism and other actions that would result in any type of illegal happenings is also banned. The main problem with the contracts is that the students don't always obey them. Many athletes will still go out and party and drink and smoke and get into other activities that will harm their minds and bodies. "Stimulants" are drugs that stimulate the central nervous system and produce an increase in alertness and activity. They include caffeine, cocaine, and the amphetamines. The amphetamines are composed of three closely related drugs that stimulate the central nervous system and promote a feeling of alertness and an increase in speech and general physical activity. Some people take these drugs under medical supervision to control their appetite, but many of these drugs are used at parties to "get high." Overuse and abuse have been associated with all of the stimulant drugs, but risks are the greatest with the amphetamines and cocaine. Narcotics are drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep. Narcotics include opium and drugs derived from opium, such as morphine, codeine, and heroin. Narcotics also include certain synthetic chemicals that have a morphine-like action, such as methadone. Most of these drugs will leave a lasting effect for more then one day. Like a hangover from alcohol, these drugs will make you extremely tired or even sick the next day. Drugs are prohibited by athletic departments because they alter your performance. If an athlete uses one of these drugs they can have lasting effect on them sometime during a game or at practice. All drugs are illegal, and by athletes using them they set a bad example. Many younger students look up to the "star" athletes in a school and if they use drugs that is not a good impression to make.